Biologic Tissues

Overview of biologic tissues used in orthopaedics including graft types, sources, and applications.

Biologic tissues play a crucial role in orthopaedic surgery by enhancing healing, providing structural support, and promoting integration. These include autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic substitutes. Common biologic materials include bone grafts, cartilage scaffolds, tendons, and decellularized matrices. Sources can be patient-derived (autologous), donor-derived (allogeneic), or animal-derived (xenogeneic).

Biologics may be used to fill defects, stimulate osteogenesis, or repair soft tissues. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches continue to expand the applications of biologic tissues in musculoskeletal care.