Basic Tumor Biology

Tumour biology encompasses the study of how neoplastic cells proliferate, evade apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and invade surrounding tissues. The tumour microenvironment — including stromal cells, immune cells, and vasculature — plays a key role in supporting tumour progression. Key molecular pathways include p53 suppression, Rb inactivation, and overexpression of growth factor signalling. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.