Core Orthopedic Topics
Comprehensive topic summaries covering anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment across all orthopedic specialties.
246 topics published
Browse Topics →Surgical Guide
Step-by-step surgical technique guides with approaches, positioning, tips, and pearls from experienced surgeons.
95 guides published
Browse Guides →Literature Updates
Curated reviews and summaries of landmark studies and recent publications in orthopedic surgery.
13 updates published
Browse Updates →Browse by Specialty
Explore orthopedic specialties with full topic hierarchies
Trauma
Fractures, dislocations, and acute injuries
Spine
Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine conditions
Shoulder & Elbow
Shoulder and elbow pathology and surgery
Knee & Sports
Knee injuries and sports medicine
Pediatrics
Musculoskeletal conditions in children
Arthroplasty
Hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty
Hand
Hand, wrist, and forearm conditions
Foot & Ankle
Foot and ankle pathology and treatment
Musculoskeletal Oncology
Musculoskeletal tumors and malignancies
Basic Science
Fundamental orthopedic science
Orthoplastic Approach
Orthoplastic surgery techniques and approaches
Deformity Correction & Limb Lengthening
Deformity correction, limb lengthening, and reconstruction
Recent Topics
View All →Ankle Fractures
Annual incidence: approximately 137 per 100,000 population. Ankle fractures account for 10% of all fractures.
Calcaneal Fractures
Calcaneal fractures are the most common fractures of the tarsal bones and typically result from high-energy axial loading mechanisms such as falls from height or motor vehicle collisions. Due to the complex anatomy of the calcaneus and its critical role in hindfoot alignment and subtalar joint function, these fractures are associated with a high rate of morbidity and long-term functional limitation.
Flexion-Distraction Injuries
Flexion-distraction injuries result from flexion around an axis located anterior to the vertebral body, classically a lap belt acting as a fulcrum during sudden deceleration.
Spine Tumors: Primary and Metastatic
Spinal tumors are divided into primary tumors, which are rare, and metastases, which are by far the most common spinal neoplasm. The treatment goals differ.
Osteoporotic Spine Fractures
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) occur after low-energy trauma or spontaneously and cause collapse, mainly of the anterior vertebral body. They result from reduced bone mineral density and deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. They are the most common osteoporotic fracture, but many are never diagnosed.
Congenital Scoliosis
Recent Surgical Guides
View All →Mangled Extremity: Limb Salvage versus Amputation and Initial Management
Decision-making for the mangled extremity, vascular evaluation and fasciotomy, debridement and skeletal stabilization, adjuncts, soft-tissue closure, limb salvage scoring limitations and ethical framework.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Through a Posterolateral Approach
Posterolateral THA exposure, acetabular and femoral preparation, trial reduction, leg-length and offset checks and posterior repair, based on Campbell.
Preoperative Evaluation and Templating for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Patient optimization, diagnostic confirmation, calibrated templating, leg length, offset and spinopelvic assessment before THA, based on Campbell.
Recent Literature Updates
View All →The effects of postoperative malrotation alignment on outcomes of Gartland type III/ IV paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures treated by close reduction and percutaneous K‑wire fixation
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Can achilles tendon ruptures be treated via PRP?
This study aimed to determine whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections promote healing and improve functional outcomes in nonsurgically treated acute Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs).The research was designed as a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled prospective trial that included 40 male patients with an acute ATR.Patients received either four PRP or four placebo (saline) injections 14 days apart, in addition to standard orthosis treatment and a progressive exercise program.Over a 12-month follow-up period, the researchers evaluated the self-reported Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) alongside functional metrics such as heel-rise work, tendon elongation, calf circumference, and ankle dorsiflexion.The findings revealed that while both groups experienced significant improvement over time, there was no statistical difference between the PRP and placebo groups regarding ATRS or any functional outcomes at any point.Ultimately, the study concluded that the application of multiple PRP injections did not provide any superior clinical or functional benefits for patients with nonsurgically treated acute ATRs.
Optimal Tightrope Positioning for Adequate Syndesmotic Stabilization in Simulated Syndesmotic Injuries
Foot Ankle Orthop. 2025 Jun 19;10(2):24730114251342243. doi: 10.1177/24730114251342243. eCollection 2025 Apr. Optimal Tightrope Positioning for Adequate Syndesmotic Stabilization in Simulated Syndesmotic Injuries Mark A Goss et al.